Cisco IOS OSPF邻居关系不能正常建立原因和解决_路由技术

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稍微对ospf的trouble shooting 总结了一下，有参考也有自己的心得。　　(1)接口上没有激活ospf　　就是在network语句的时候没有匹配清楚，比如配置了错误的反掩码不对，在show ip ospf inte***ce的时候不会显示你希望激活的接口　　使用show ip ospf inte***ce来验证，这时候的邻居表是空的>R2#show ip ospf neighborR2# 　　(2)物理层或者是数据链路层协议down.　　使用show ip int brief 或者是 show int type nomber会导致ospf packet 封装失败。　　(3)建立邻居的接口被passive掉R2#show ip ospf inte***ce Ethernet 0Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is upInternet Address 131.108.1.2/24, Area 0Process ID 1, Router ID 131.108.1.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1Designated Router (ID) 131.108.1.2, Inte***ce address 131.108.1.2No backup designated router on this networkTimer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5No Hellos (Passive inte***ce)Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)　(4)OSPF的hello组播地址被ACL BlockR1#inte***ce Ethernet0ip address 131.108.1.1 255.255.255.0ip access-group 100 in!access-list 100 permit tcp any anyaccess-list 100 permit udp any anyaccess-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5R2#inte***ce Ethernet0ip address 131.108.1.2 255.255.255.0ip access-group 100 in!access-list 100 permit tcp any anyaccess-list 100 permit udp any anyaccess-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5R2#debug ip packet 101 detailIP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 68, access denied, proto=89这时候的邻居关系是INITR2#show ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID PriState  Dead Time Address   Inte***ce131.108.2.1  1INIT/- 00:00:33  131.108.1.1 Ethernet0R1#show access-list 101Extended IP access list 101  permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.3 host 224.0.0.5 (8 matches)R1#debug ip packet 101 detailIP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101R1#IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,proto=89IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82, access denied, proto=89IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,proto=89IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82,access denied, proto=89　　(5)在broadcast链路上的子网掩码不匹配　　(6)Hello/dead 间隔不匹配　　(7)认证方式或者是认证密码不匹配　　使用debug ip ospf adj 来查看,可以自己使用不同的情况来验证                   1/2 12下一页尾页