plc的算法

万家正

PLC中无非就是三大量：开关量、模拟量、脉冲量。只在搞清楚三者之间的关系，你就能熟练的掌握PLC了。

3 n3 l+ B  l1 q) y- b, u3 c1、 开关量也称逻辑量，指仅有两个取值，0或1、ON或OFF。它是最常用的控制，对它进行控制是PLC的上风，也是PLC最基本的应用。

% U* o4 }8 t) p6 r0 p关量控制的目的是，根据开关量确当前输入组合与历史的输入顺序，使PLC产生相应的开关量输出，以使系统能按一定的顺序工作。所以，有时也称其为顺序控制。
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5 M8 x4 H. T9 x, d而顺序控制又分为手动、半自动或自动。而采用的控制原则有分散、集中与混合控制三种。
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这是用OMRON的开关量编写的一个“单按钮启停”程序。
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2、 模拟量是指一些连续变化的物理量，如电压、电流、压力、速度、流量等。

PLC是由继电控制引入微处理技术后发展而来的，可方便及可靠地用于开关量控制。由于模拟量可转换成数字量，数字量只是多位的开关量，故经转换后的模拟量，PLC也完全可以可靠的进行处理控制。

由于连续的生产过程常有模拟量，所以模拟量控制有时也称过程控制。

模拟量多是非电量，而PLC只能处理数字量、电量。所有要实现它们之间的转换要有传感器，把模拟量转换成数电量。假如这一电量不是标准的，还要经过变送器，把非标准的电量变成标准的电信号，如4—20mA、1—5V、0—10V等等。

! d$ J7 [; }. X+ T6 O+ J5 H同时还要有模拟量输入单元(A/D)，把这些标准的电信号变换成数字信号;模拟量输出单元(D/A)，以把PLC处理后的数字量变换成模拟量——标准的电信号。
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' V* C! B& [  \0 n# s所以标准电信号、数字量之间的转换就要用到各种运算。这就需要搞清楚模拟量单元的分辨率以及标准的电信号。例如：

PLC模拟单元的分辨率是1/32767，对应的标准电量是0—10V，所要检测的是温度值0—100℃。那么0—32767对应0—100℃的温度值。然后计算出1℃所对应的数字量是327.67。假如想把温度值精确到0.1℃，把327.67/10即可。

模拟量控制包括：反馈控制、前馈控制、比例控制、模糊控制等。这些都是PLC内部数字量的计算过程。
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% Q. q9 `* b' b' o3、 脉冲量是其取值总是不断的在0(低电平)和1(高电平)之间交替变化的数字量。每秒钟脉冲交替变化的次数称为频率。

PLC脉冲量的控制目的主要是位置控制、运动控制、轨迹控制等。例如：脉冲数在角度控制中的应用。步进电机驱动器的细分是每圈10000，要求步进电机旋转90度。那么所要动作的脉冲数值=10000/(360/90)=2500。
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